Phytocenosis on the East Beach of Havana, Cuba. III. Back of the dune

Abstract

The beaches to the east of Havana are of great tourist attraction, in them are located the beaches Tarará, Mégano, Santa María del Mar, Itabo, Boca Ciega, Guanabo. In these places, the loss of phytodiversity is occurring due to the alteration of the ecosystem caused mainly by human activities. Due to the importance, landscape richness and the amount of tourists visiting it, it was decided to study the phytocenosis and the synanthropic floristic diversity of the back face of the dunes to the East of Havana. The phytosociological method was used according to the approach of the Zürich-Montpellier school. Phytocenosis correspond to the Phytosociological Nomenclature Code. New phytocenosis that are established in these ecosystems are described. The anthropic action favours the entry, increase and distribution of individuals and populations of synanthropic species, which are associated in new phytocenosis according to the intensity of the impacts that have occurred. Its native components intensify the resilience capacity and facilitate the establishment of management strategies to protect, maintain and restore the ecosystem functions of the dunes.