Distribution of threatened Erythroxylum species in Cuba

Abstract

The genus Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) is represented in Cuba by 21 species of which 15 are endemic, this island being considered a core of speciation of the group in the insular Caribbean. To date, 18 of the Cuban species have been categorized and most are threatened. Several have restricted geographic distribution to one or a few localities on the island, which has made taxonomic studies difficult for the delimitation of species and in relation to the ecology of the group. The historical distribution area of nine threatened Erythroxylum species in Cuba was surveyed. In the areas visited, data of populations were collected and threats were recorded. Eight Erythroxylum species were relocated, except E. mogotense. Most of the areas presented a high degree of degradation. The main threats detected were urbanization, subsistence cattle raising, and oil and mining exploitation. The coastal xeromorphic scrub is the most affected habitat; therefore, future efforts should be directed towards its protection and restoration. For all species, it is recommended to carry out actions for the in situ and ex situ conservation of their populations.